Altered Resting-State Brain Activity in Schizophrenia and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Compared With Non-psychiatric Controls: Commonalities and Distinctions Across Disorders

Yuyanan Zhang; Jinmin Liao; Qianqian Li; Xiao Zhang; Lijun Liu; Jun Yan; Dai Zhang; Hao Yan; Weihua Yue

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.681701

Altered Resting-State Brain Activity in Schizophrenia and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Compared With Non-psychiatric Controls: Commonalities and Distinctions Across Disorders

Front Psychiatry. 2021 May 21:12:681701. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.681701. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Yuyanan Zhang^{1

2}, Jinmin Liao^{1

2}, Qianqian Li^{1

2}, Xiao Zhang^{1

2}, Lijun Liu^{1

2}, Jun Yan^{1

2}, Dai Zhang^{1

2

3}, Hao Yan^{1

2}, Weihua Yue^{1

2

3

4}

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China.
² Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health & National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University, Beijing, China.
³ PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China.
⁴ Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Mood Cognitive Disorder (2018RU006), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.

Abstract

Backgrounds: Schizophrenia (SCZ) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are classified as two chronic psychiatric disorders with high comorbidity rate and shared clinical symptoms. Abnormal spontaneous brain activity within the cortical-striatal neural circuits has been observed in both disorders. However, it is unclear if the common or distinct neural abnormalities underlie the neurobiological substrates in the resting state. Methods: Resting-state fMRI data were collected from 88 patients with SCZ, 58 patients with OCD, and 72 healthy control subjects. First, we examined differences in amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) among three groups. Resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) analysis with the brain region that showed different ALFF as the seed was then conducted to identify the changes in brain networks. Finally, we examined the correlation between the altered activities and clinical symptoms. Results: Both the patients with SCZ and OCD showed increased ALFF in the right hippocampus and decreased ALFF in the left posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). SCZ patients exhibited increased ALFF in the left caudate [voxel-level family-wise error (FWE) P < 0.05] and decreased rsFC between the left caudate and right cerebellum, which correlated with positive symptoms. The left caudate showed increased rsFC with the right thalamus and bilateral supplementary motor complex (SMC) in OCD patients (cluster-level FWE P < 0.05). Conclusions: The hippocampus and PCC are common regions presenting abnormal local spontaneous neuronal activities in both SCZ and OCD, while the abnormality of the striatum can reflect the differences. Increased ALFF in the striatum and symptom-related weakened rsFC between the caudate and cerebellum showed SCZ specificity. Enhanced rsFC between the caudate and SMC may be a key characteristic in OCD. Our research shows the similarities and differences between the two diseases from the perspective of resting-state fMRI, which provides clues to understand the disease and find methods for treatment.

Keywords: amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations; obsessive-compulsive disorder; resting-state functional connectivity; schizophrenia; striatum.