Objectives: Since the development of Kidney Donor Profile Index, outcome differences based on number of donated organs per donor have not been evaluated.
Materials and methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from the United Network for Organ Sharing national database, which identified 176 311 adult renal transplant recipients from 2000 to 2019 with a deceased donor kidney from a kidney-only donor, from a donor of kidney and liver but no other organs, or from a multiorgan donor. Graft failure and transplant recipient survival were primary outcomes. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model controlled for Kidney Donor Profile Index differences.
Results: Overall, multiorgan donors had a lower Kidney Donor Profile Index versus other donor types (odds ratio, 0.042; P < .001). Kidneys from donors with a higher Kidney Donor Profile Index were 95% less likely to be procured with other organs (P < .001). The recipient and graft survival rates for kidney transplants from kidney-only donors and from donors of kidney and liver but no other organs were 76% and 70%, respectively, whereas recipient and graft survival rates for kidney transplants from multiorgan donors were approximately 82% and 77%, respectively, at 5 years.
Conclusions: After adjustment for the Kidney Donor Profile Index, the recipients of multiorgan donor grafts demonstrated superior outcomes for graft survival and mortality compared with kidney-only donors or kidney and liver only donors. The multiorgan donor status may be an additional consideration in future renal allocation calculators.