Introduction and hypothesis: We aimed to develop a deep learning-based multi-label classification model to simultaneously diagnose three types of pelvic organ prolapse using stress magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Methods: Our dataset consisted of 213 midsagittal labeled MR images at maximum Valsalva. For each MR image, the two endpoints of the sacrococcygeal inferior-pubic point line were auto-localized. Based on this line, a region of interest was automatically selected as input to a modified deep learning model, ResNet-50, for diagnosis. An unlabeled MRI dataset, a public dataset, and a synthetic dataset were used along with the labeled image dataset to train the model through a novel training strategy. We conducted a fivefold cross-validation and evaluated the classification results using precision, recall, F1 score, and area under the curve (AUC).
Results: The average precision, recall, F1 score, and AUC of our proposed multi-label classification model for the three types of prolapse were 0.84, 0.72, 0.77, and 0.91 respectively, which were improved from 0.64, 0.53, 0.57, and 0.83 from the original ResNet-50. Classification took 0.18 s to diagnose one patient.
Conclusions: The proposed deep learning-based model were demonstrated feasible and fast in simultaneously diagnosing three types of prolapse based on pelvic floor stress MRI, which could facilitate computer-aided prolapse diagnosis and treatment planning.
Keywords: Classification; Convolutional neural network; Deep learning; MRI; Pelvic floor; Pelvic organ prolapse.
© 2021. The International Urogynecological Association.