ADAR1 and its implications in cancer development and treatment

Trends Genet. 2022 Aug;38(8):821-830. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2022.03.013. Epub 2022 Apr 19.

Abstract

The family of adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) regulates global gene expression output by catalyzing adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and through interacting with RNA and other proteins. ADARs play important roles in development and disease, including an increasing connection to cancer progression. ADAR1 has demonstrated a largely pro-oncogenic role in a growing list of cancer types, and its function in cancer has been attributed to diverse mechanisms. Here, we review existing literature on ADAR1 biology and function, its roles in human disease including cancer, and summarize known cancer-associated phenotypes and mechanisms. Lastly, we discuss implications and outstanding questions in the field, including strategies for targeting ADAR1 in cancer.

Keywords: ADARs; RNA editing; cancer; epitranscriptomics.

Publication types

  • Review
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Adenosine / genetics
  • Adenosine / metabolism
  • Adenosine Deaminase* / genetics
  • Adenosine Deaminase* / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Neoplasms* / genetics
  • Neoplasms* / metabolism
  • Neoplasms* / therapy
  • RNA Editing*
  • RNA, Double-Stranded
  • RNA-Binding Proteins* / genetics
  • RNA-Binding Proteins* / metabolism

Substances

  • RNA, Double-Stranded
  • RNA-Binding Proteins
  • ADAR protein, human
  • Adenosine Deaminase
  • Adenosine