RNase H1, the Gold Standard for R-Loop Detection

Susana M Cerritelli; Kiran Sakhuja; Robert J Crouch

doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-2477-7_7

RNase H1, the Gold Standard for R-Loop Detection

Methods Mol Biol. 2022:2528:91-114. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2477-7_7.

Authors

Susana M Cerritelli¹, Kiran Sakhuja¹, Robert J Crouch²

Affiliations

¹ Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
² Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. crouchr@mail.nih.gov.

PMID: 35704187
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2477-7_7

Abstract

RNase H1 has become an essential tool to uncover the physiological and pathological roles of R-loops, three-stranded structures consisting of and RNA-DNA hybrid opposite to a single DNA strand (ssDNA). RNase H1 degrades the RNA portion of the R-loops returning the two DNA strands to double-stranded form (dsDNA). Overexpression of RNase H1 in different systems has helped to address the questions of where R-loops are located, their abundance, and mechanisms of formation, stability, and degradation. In this chapter we review multiple studies that used RNase H1 as an instrument to investigate R-loops multiple functions and their relevance in health and diseases.

Keywords: DNA damage; R-loops; RNA–DNA hybrids; RNase H1; Replicative stress; Transcription–replication conflicts.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

DNA / metabolism
R-Loop Structures*
RNA / metabolism
Ribonuclease H* / metabolism

Substances

RNA
DNA
Ribonuclease H
ribonuclease HI