Amplification of RUNX1 in a Patient With AML

Rodrigo Hurtado; Stalin Tello; Juan Juarez; Carlos A Tirado

Amplification of RUNX1 in a Patient With AML

J Assoc Genet Technol. 2022;48(3):107-109.

Authors

Rodrigo Hurtado¹, Stalin Tello², Juan Juarez², Carlos A Tirado^{1

3

4}

Affiliations

¹ The International Circle of Genetics Studies, Los Angeles, CA.
² Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo, EsSalud, Chiclayo, Perú.
³ Baylor Scott and White Health, Department of Pathology, Temple, TX.
⁴ Texas A and M School of Medicine, Temple, TX.

PMID: 36070230

Abstract

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease, characterized by clonal expansion of undifferentiated myeloid precursors, leading to alterations in hematopoiesis and bone marrow failure. Characteristic chromosomal abnormalities in AML are translocations t(8;21), inv(16), t(15;17), t(9;22), as well as mutations of genes that regulate proliferation and survival (FLT 3, PTPN 11, ETV 6/PDGFB), or genes responsible for differentiation and apoptosis (RUNX-1/RUNX1T1, PML/RARA, KMT2A, CEBPA and CBFB). Amplification of RUNX1 is a rare event in AML. Herein we described a 60-year-old patient that was admitted to the hospital due to a clinical picture of symptoms of acute anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, and profuse nasal bleeding, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and gallstones. The blood cell count indicated the presence of 72% blasts. The bone marrow also showed 97% of blasts of myeloid lineage. The flow cytometry study also showed findings compatible with AML (MPOneg/+, CD34+, CD19neg /+d, CD117+, CD38neg /+, HLA-DR ++, CD13neg /+, CD33neg, CD15neg, D56neg, CD123+, CD7neg, CD11bneg, CD64neg, CD41aneg, which represented 68% of the pathological cellularity). Chromosome analysis showed additional copies of an isochromosome 21q. FISH studies revealed five copies of RUNX1. Amplification of RUNX1 is a rare event in AML with only a few cases reported in the literature (mainly therapy related AML) and it is usually associated with poor prognosis.