Quadriceps Strength and Knee-Related Symptom State 6 Months After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Abstract

Context: Isometric quadriceps strength metrics and patient-reported outcomes are commonly used in return-to-sport assessments in those with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Patients may experience clinical knee-related symptoms aggravating enough to seek additional medical care after ACLR. In addition to seeking additional medical care, these patient-reported clinical knee-related symptoms may also influence function after ACLR. However, whether an association exists between these common quadriceps metrics and the patient-reported clinical knee-related symptom state is unknown.

Objective: To determine if meeting isometric quadriceps strength and symmetry criteria is associated with acceptable clinical knee-related symptoms at 5 to 7 months post-ACLR.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Laboratories.

Patients or other participants: We classified individuals at 5 to 7 months post-ACLR based on their isometric ACLR and uninvolved-limb quadriceps strength or quadriceps strength symmetry. We also dichotomized participants based on the Englund et al criteria for unacceptable clinical knee-related symptoms.

Main outcome measure(s): Quadriceps strength variables were compared between groups using analysis of covariance, and the relative risk of a participant in each quadriceps strength group reporting acceptable clinical knee-related symptoms was determined using binary logistic regression.

Results: A total of 173 individuals participated. The isometric quadriceps strength and limb symmetry index were different (P < .001) between quadriceps strength groups. Those categorized as both strong and symmetric had a 1.28 (95% CI = 0.94, 1.74) and individuals categorized as symmetric only had a 1.29 (95% CI = 0.97, 1.73) times greater relative risk of reporting acceptable clinical knee-related symptoms compared with the neither strong nor symmetric group.

Conclusions: The majority of individuals (85%) recovering from ACLR failed to meet either the clinical quadriceps strength or symmetry criteria at 5 to 7 months post-ACLR. Quadriceps strength and quadriceps strength symmetry are clinically important but may not be primary determinants of the clinical knee-related symptom state within the first 6 months post-ACLR.

Keywords: knee-related quality of life; limb symmetry index; patient-reported outcome measures.