Background: Restoring health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a therapeutic goal for older patients with advanced heart failure. We aimed to describe change in HRQOL in older patients (60-80 years) awaiting heart transplantation (HT) with or without pretransplant mechanical circulatory support (MCS) or scheduled for long-term MCS, if ineligible for HT, from before to 6 months after these surgeries and identify factors associated with change.
Methods: Patients from 13 US sites completed the EuroQol 5-dimension 3L questionnaire and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire-12 at baseline and 3 and 6 months after HT or long-term MCS. Analyses included univariate comparisons and multivariable linear regression.
Results: Among 305 participants (cohort mean age=66.2±4.7 years, 78% male, 84% White, 55% New York Heart Association class IV), 161 underwent HT (n=68 with and n=93 without pretransplant MCS), and 144 received long-term MCS. From baseline to 3 months, EuroQol 5-dimension visual analog scale scores improved in HT patients without pretransplant MCS (54.5±24.3 versus 75.9±16.0, P<0.001) and long-term MCS patients (45.7±22.9 versus 66.2± 20.9, P <0.001); while Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire-12 overall summary scores improved in all 3 groups (HT without pretransplant MCS: 47.2±20.9 versus 77.4±20.1, P <0.001; long-term MCS: 35.3±20.2 versus 58.6±22.0, P <0.001; and HT with pretransplant MCS: 58.3±23.6 versus 72.1±23.5, P=0.002). No further HRQOL improvement was found from 3 to 6 months. Factors most significantly associated with change in HRQOL, baseline 3 months, were right heart failure and 3-month New York Heart Association class, and 3 to 6 months, were 6-month New York Heart Association class and major bleeding.
Conclusions: In older heart failure patients, HRQOL improved from before to early after HT and long-term MCS. At 6 postoperative months, HRQOL of long-term MCS patients was lower than one or both HT groups. Understanding change in HRQOL from before to early after these surgeries may enhance decision-making and guide patient care.
Registration: URL: https://www.
Clinicaltrials: gov; Unique identifier: NCT02568930.
Keywords: decision-making; heart failure; heart transplantation; mechanical circulatory support; quality of life.