Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) can strongly inhibit the replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and effectively clear the infection, but it may cause hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation, leading to severe liver damage and fulminate hepatitis in patients with HCV/HBV coinfection. In this review, we summarized the different replication process of HCV and HBV in infected hepatocytes and consequent innate immune response, and then discussed the molecular mechanism and clinical significance of HBV reactivation, and put forward the clinical precaution.
丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）和乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）合并感染患者在接受直接抗丙型肝炎病毒药物（DAAs）治疗后，可有效抑制HCV复制并实现丙型肝炎治愈，但存在HBV再激活风险，后者可导致严重肝损伤甚至暴发性肝炎的发生。现对HCV和HBV在肝细胞中的复制特点以及激活天然免疫应答的差异进行了总结，探讨了DAAs治疗后发生HBV再激活的分子机制及其临床意义，并提出了相应的临床预防措施。.