Jaundice is an alarm symptom that should always be treated urgently, regardless of whether the responsible doctor is in primary care or in the emergency room. The differential diagnoses can be significantly delimited (hepatocellular vs. cholestasis) and several clues to the etiology can be determined from a carefully performed anamnesis, clinical examination, and basic laboratory tests. Exclusion of cholestatic etiology is essential due to life-threatening differential diagnoses and complications, but acute medical conditions also occur, such as acute liver failure. Prompt processing at the correct instance can be crucial for the short-term and long-term prognosis of the patient.