Radiotherapy plays an important role in the multimodal treatment of childhood cancer. Our objective was to provide an analysis of pediatric oncology patients treated with radiotherapy in a national referral institution in Serbia. A retrospective chart review of children treated with radiotherapy between January 2007 and July 2018 was conducted. Of the 806 patients who were identified, 767 formed the basis of this study. CNS tumors (31.2%) were the most common tumors followed by leukemias (17.3%) and bone tumors (14.3%). The most common indication for radiotherapy was in adjuvant setting (69.1%). Anesthesia or sedation was performed on 115 patients. The 5-year and 10-year overall survival rates were 65.7% and 62.1%, respectively. A significant difference in survival in relation to tumor type was seen. The best survival rates were obtained in patients with retinoblastoma, followed by lymphomas and nephroblastoma, while patients with bone sarcomas had the worst survival. The intent of radiotherapy treatment was also a parameter associated with survival. Patients treated with palliative and definitive intent lived shorter than patients treated with prophylactic and adjuvant intent. Our study showed that good treatment outcomes can be achieved in specialized centers with an experienced team of professionals who are dedicated to pediatric oncology.
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