Hydrophobic ammonium based ionic liquids for efficient extraction of textile dyes from aqueous media: Extraction study and antibacterial evaluation

Saadat Ullah; Zarshad Ali; Amir Sada Khan; Asma Nasrullah; Fatima Javed; Bushra Adalat; Naila Sher; Mushtaq Ahmed; Razan A Alshgari; Mohammed Sheikh Saleh Mushab; Saadat Majeed

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138008

Hydrophobic ammonium based ionic liquids for efficient extraction of textile dyes from aqueous media: Extraction study and antibacterial evaluation

Chemosphere. 2023 Apr:321:138008. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138008. Epub 2023 Jan 30.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
² Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Bannu 28100, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Electronic address: askhan@ustb.edu.pk.
³ Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
⁴ Department of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology Bannu-28100, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
⁵ Department of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology Bannu-28100, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, Leuven 3001, Belgium.
⁶ Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.

PMID: 36731664
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138008

Abstract

Alizarin red S (ARS) extraction from aqueous medium was carried out using hydrophobic ionic liquids (ILs) containing trioctylammonium cation paired with 4-tert-butylbenzoate ([TOA][Butbenz] (IL1), 4-phenylbutanoate ([TOA][PheBut] (IL2), 3-4-dimethylbenzoate ([TOA][DMbenz] (IL3), naphthoate, ([TOA][Naph]) (IL4), salicylate ([TOA][Sali]) (IL5) and nonanedioate ([TOA]₂[Nona]) (IL6). The findings demonstrated that all of the tested ILs were efficient for extracting ARS, however, [TOA]₂[Nona] was more effective than others. For the extraction of ARS from the aqueous phase, the effects of various parameters including the initial pH of the dye solution, contact time, ILs to dye volume ratio (V_IL:V_W), dye concentration, temperature, and salt effect were investigated. The spontaneity of the liquid-liquid extraction of ARS from the aqueous phase to the IL phase was confirmed by thermodynamic parameters. More than 90% of the ARS was extracted from the aqueous phase to the IL phase throughout all experiments. Interaction of selected IL with dyes were confirmed using FTIR analysis. The standard bacterial strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli) ATCC BAA-2471 (gram negative) and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRSA) ATCC 43300 (gram positive) were used for evaluating antibacterial activity. The lower dose (250 ppm), the ILs1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 inhibited 0.40, 1.50, 6.50, 1.50, 2.50, and 0.50 mm growth of E. coli, and 4.0, 2.0, 16.50, 0.40, 5.0, and 3.50 mm growth of MRSA, respectively. The experimental findings confirmed that the present ILs can be utilized as an effective solvent for ARS and other dyes extraction from aqueous media.

Keywords: Alizarin red S; Hydrophobic ionic liquids; Liquid-liquid extraction; Thermodynamic study.

MeSH terms

Ammonium Compounds*
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Coloring Agents
Escherichia coli
Ionic Liquids* / chemistry
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus*
Textiles
Water / chemistry

Substances

Ionic Liquids
Ammonium Compounds
Water
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Coloring Agents