BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is common among patients with TB. We assessed DM characteristics and long-term needs of DM-TB patients after completing TB treatment.METHODS: Newly diagnosed TB patients with DM were recruited for screening in a randomised clinical trial evaluating a simple algorithm to improve glycaemic control during TB treatment. DM characteristics, lifestyle and medication were compared before and after TB treatment and 6 months later. Risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), albuminuria and neuropathy were assessed after TB treatment.RESULTS: Of 218 TB-DM patients identified, 170 (78%) were followed up. Half were males, the mean age was 53 years, 26.5% were newly diagnosed DM. High glycated haemoglobin at TB diagnosis (median 11.2%) decreased during TB treatment (to 7.4% with intensified management and 8.4% with standard care), but this effect was lost 6 months later (9.3%). Hypertension and dyslipidemia contributed to a high 10-year CVD risk (32.9% at month 6 and 35.5% at month 12). Neuropathy (33.8%) and albuminuria (61.3%) were common. After TB treatment, few patients used CVD-mitigating drugs.CONCLUSION: DM in TB-DM patients is characterised by poor glycaemic control, high CVD risk, and nephropathy. TB treatment provides opportunities for better DM management, but effort is needed to improve long-term care.