Secondary hypertension: evaluation and management

Abstract

Purpose of review: Hypertension (HTN) that can be attributed to a particular source is known as secondary HTN (SH). Often, SH is difficult to control and thus referred to as resistant HTN, although the two terms are not mutually exclusive.

Recent findings: A common theme across several contributors to SH are coactivation of the sympathetic drive and hormonal changes, independent of hormonal axis activation. The key to effective management of SH is early recognition and treatment to avoid catastrophic cardiovascular disease effects and mortality.

Summary: This review article provides a contemporary summary of the conditions associated with SH and briefly reviews diagnostics and management.