Carbohydrate ingestion attenuates the reduction in complex cognitive function and cerebral blood flow during prolonged passive heat stress in humans

Nathan Deming; Sarah Steer; Jesse Hernandez; Frank Dinenno; Jennifer Richards

doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103698

Carbohydrate ingestion attenuates the reduction in complex cognitive function and cerebral blood flow during prolonged passive heat stress in humans

J Therm Biol. 2023 Oct:117:103698. doi: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103698. Epub 2023 Sep 15.

Authors

Nathan Deming¹, Sarah Steer², Jesse Hernandez², Frank Dinenno², Jennifer Richards³

Affiliations

¹ Human Performance Laboratory, Directorate of Athletics, USAF Academy, CO, 80840, USA; Human Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA.
² Human Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA.
³ Human Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA. Electronic address: jennifer.richards@colostate.edu.

PMID: 37734348
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103698

Abstract

Purpose: To determine whether carbohydrate ingestion would reduce cognitive dysfunction in humans following long duration passive heat stress (PHS) versus consuming electrolytes alone.

Methods: Fifteen young (27 ± 4 y) healthy adults were exposed to 120 min of PHS through the use of a liquid perfused suit (50 °C) on two randomized visits. Subjects consumed fluids supplemented with electrolytes (E) or electrolytes + carbohydrates (E + C). Pre- and post-heat stress, body mass (BM) and plasma osmolality (pOsm) were measured. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), Physiological Strain Index (PSI), core temperature (T_c), plasma glucose, respiration rate (RR), end-tidal CO2 (PetCO₂) and internal carotid artery (ICA) blood flow were recorded at baseline and every 15 min of heat stress. Cognitive function was assessed via the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metric at baseline and at 30- and 120 min during heat stress.

Results: There were no significant differences between fluid conditions for BM, pOsm, PSI, T_c, RR or PetCO₂. Plasma glucose was ∼75% greater in the E + C condition compared to the E condition after 90 min of PHS (P < 0.05). Cognitive function (120 min) was impaired following PHS only in E condition (P < 0.05) and performance on complex cognitive tasks were better by ∼22-340% in the E + C vs. E (P < 0.05). Compared to the E condition, HR and BP were lower and ICA blood flow, vascular conductance, and glucose delivery was ∼90% greater in the E + C after 90 min of PHS (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: These data are the first to demonstrate that carbohydrate ingestion may have a protective effect on cognitive function during long duration PHS. Furthermore, this protection was associated with preserved ICA blood flow and glucose delivery to the brain.