Background: Low-titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) or component therapy (CT) may be used to resuscitate hemorrhaging trauma patients. LTOWB may have clinical and logistical benefits and may improve survival.
Objectives: We hypothesized LTOWB would improve 24-hour survival in hemorrhaging patients and would be safe and equally efficacious in non-group O compared with group O patients.
Methods: Adult trauma patients with massive transfusion protocol activations were enrolled in this observational study. The primary outcome was 24-hour mortality. Secondary outcomes included 72-hour total blood product use. A Cox regression determined the independent associations with 24-hour mortality.
Results: In total, 348 patients were included (CT, n = 180; LTOWB, n = 168). Demographics were similar between cohorts. Unadjusted 24-hour mortality was reduced in LTOWB vs CT: 8% vs 19% (P = .003), but 6-hour and 28-day mortality were similar. In an adjusted analysis with multivariable Cox regression, LTOWB was independently associated with reduced 24-hour mortality (hazard ratio, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.07-0.67; P = .004). LTOWB patients received significantly less 72-hour total blood products (80.9 [41.6-139.3] mL/kg vs 48.9 [25.9-106.9] mL/kg; P < .001). In stratified 24-hour survival analyses, LTOWB was associated with improved survival for patients in shock or with coagulopathy. LTOWB use in non-group O patients was not associated with increased mortality, organ injury, or adverse events.
Conclusion: In this hypothesis-generating study, LTOWB use was independently associated with improved 24-hour survival, predominantly in patients with shock or coagulopathy. LTOWB also resulted in a 40% reduction in blood product use which equates to a median 2.4 L reduction in transfused products.
Keywords: blood transfusion; hemorrhage; mortality; resuscitation; trauma.
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