1 Chancellor and Chief Executive Officer, New York Medical College; Professor of Radiation Oncology, Pediatrics, and History; The Mirian Popack Chair in Biomedical Ethics After the Holocaust, Director of the The Hirth and Samowitz Center for Medical Humanities and Holocaust Studies; Provost for Biomedical Affairs, Touro University, New York Medical College, 40 Sunshine Cottage Road, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA. Electronic address: edward_halperin@nymc.edu.