Multimodality imaging reveals angiogenic evolution in vivo during calvarial bone defect healing

Yunke Ren; Xinying Chu; Janaka Senarathna; Akanksha Bhargava; Warren L Grayson; Arvind P Pathak

doi:10.1007/s10456-023-09899-0

Multimodality imaging reveals angiogenic evolution in vivo during calvarial bone defect healing

Angiogenesis. 2024 Feb;27(1):105-119. doi: 10.1007/s10456-023-09899-0. Epub 2023 Nov 30.

Authors

Yunke Ren¹, Xinying Chu¹, Janaka Senarathna^{2

3}, Akanksha Bhargava², Warren L Grayson^{1

4

5

6

7}, Arvind P Pathak^{8

9

10

11

12}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
² Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, 217 Traylor Bldg, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
³ Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
⁴ Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
⁵ Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
⁶ Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
⁷ Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
⁸ Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. apathak2@jhmi.edu.
⁹ Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, 217 Traylor Bldg, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. apathak2@jhmi.edu.
¹⁰ The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. apathak2@jhmi.edu.
¹¹ Electrical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. apathak2@jhmi.edu.
¹² Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. apathak2@jhmi.edu.

Abstract

The healing of calvarial bone defects is a pressing clinical problem that involves the dynamic interplay between angiogenesis and osteogenesis within the osteogenic niche. Although structural and functional vascular remodeling (i.e., angiogenic evolution) in the osteogenic niche is a crucial modulator of oxygenation, inflammatory and bone precursor cells, most clinical and pre-clinical investigations have been limited to characterizing structural changes in the vasculature and bone. Therefore, we developed a new multimodality imaging approach that for the first time enabled the longitudinal (i.e., over four weeks) and dynamic characterization of multiple in vivo functional parameters in the remodeled vasculature and its effects on de novo osteogenesis, in a preclinical calvarial defect model. We employed multi-wavelength intrinsic optical signal (IOS) imaging to assess microvascular remodeling, intravascular oxygenation (SO₂), and osteogenesis; laser speckle contrast (LSC) imaging to assess concomitant changes in blood flow and vascular maturity; and micro-computed tomography (μCT) to validate volumetric changes in calvarial bone. We found that angiogenic evolution was tightly coupled with calvarial bone regeneration and corresponded to distinct phases of bone healing, such as injury, hematoma formation, revascularization, and remodeling. The first three phases occurred during the initial two weeks of bone healing and were characterized by significant in vivo changes in vascular morphology, blood flow, oxygenation, and maturity. Overall, angiogenic evolution preceded osteogenesis, which only plateaued toward the end of bone healing (i.e., four weeks). Collectively, these data indicate the crucial role of angiogenic evolution in osteogenesis. We believe that such multimodality imaging approaches have the potential to inform the design of more efficacious tissue-engineering calvarial defect treatments.

Keywords: Angiogenesis; Calvarial bone defect; Imaging; Osteogenesis; Preclinical.

MeSH terms

Bone Regeneration* / physiology
Osteogenesis / physiology
Skull* / blood supply
Skull* / diagnostic imaging
Skull* / injuries
Wound Healing
X-Ray Microtomography

Abstract

MeSH terms

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