Multimodality Imaging Approach Evaluation of the Congenital Pericardial Defect: a Contemporary Review

Abstract

Purpose of review: This review presents the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approach, and treatment of congenital pericardial defects. It also highlights the critical role of echocardiography, cardiac computed tomography (CCT), and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in the diagnosis and management approach.

Recent findings: Congenital pericardial defects are rare. Although most cases are found incidentally, some cases could potentially be associated with serious outcomes including sudden cardiac death. The diagnosis is often challenging due to non-specific clinical manifestations and electrocardiogram findings. Echocardiography is the first-line imaging investigation for the evaluation of this condition. Advanced cardiac imaging modalities, including CCT and CMR, play important adjuvant roles in establishing the diagnosis and assists with prognostication.

Keywords: Absence of pericardium; Cardiac computed tomography; Cardiac magnetic resonance; Congenital heart disease; Echocardiography; Multimodality imaging; Pericardial conditions; Pericardial defect.