Examining Psychological Factors as Contributors to Pain, Disability, and Physical Function in Geriatric Chronic Low Back Pain: A Prospective Analysis of the Delaware Spine Studies Cohort

Patrick J Knox; Corey B Simon; Ryan T Pohlig; Jenifer M Pugliese; Peter C Coyle; Jaclyn M Sions; Gregory E Hicks

doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2023.12.005

Examining Psychological Factors as Contributors to Pain, Disability, and Physical Function in Geriatric Chronic Low Back Pain: A Prospective Analysis of the Delaware Spine Studies Cohort

J Pain. 2023 Dec 18:104448. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.12.005. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Patrick J Knox¹, Corey B Simon², Ryan T Pohlig³, Jenifer M Pugliese¹, Peter C Coyle⁴, Jaclyn M Sions¹, Gregory E Hicks¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware.
² Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Physical Therapy Division, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
³ Department of Epidemiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware; Biostatistics Core, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware.
⁴ Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

PMID: 38122878
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.12.005

Abstract

In younger populations, risk factors from psychologically-focused theoretical models have become accepted as primary drivers behind the persistence of low back pain (LBP), but these risk factors have not been thoroughly assessed in older adult populations (60-85 years). To address this knowledge gap, we sought to examine longitudinal associations between both general and pain-related psychological risk factors and future pain intensity, LBP-related disability, and physical function (gait speed) outcomes in older adults with chronic LBP (n = 250). Questionnaires for general (ie, depressive symptoms) and pain-related psychological risk factors (ie, fear-avoidance beliefs, pain catastrophizing, and kinesiophobia) were collected at baseline. Questionnaire values were entered into principal component analysis to yield a combined psychological component score. LBP intensity (pain thermometers), LBP-related disability (Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale), and gait speed were measured at baseline and 12-month follow-up. Multiple linear regression was used to examine adjusted associations between baseline psychological component scores and each prospective outcome. The baseline psychological component score failed to independently predict 12-month LBP-related disability and gait speed after adjustment for baseline outcomes. Though the psychological component score was associated with 12-month LBP intensity after adjusting for baseline LBP intensity, this association diminished with full adjustment for other baseline characteristics. Cumulatively, general and pain-related psychological risk factors did not independently predict longitudinal pain, disability, and physical function outcomes in this cohort. Compared to younger populations with this condition, general and pain-related psychological risk factors may have less influence on the maintenance of chronic LBP in older adults. PERSPECTIVE: This article failed to establish consistent independent relationships between psychological factors and worse longitudinal pain, disability, and physical function outcomes in older adults with chronic LBP. The findings highlight a need to determine other age-specific biopsychosocial risk factors that may impact the maintenance of chronic pain in this patient population.

Keywords: Catastrophization; Chronic pain; Geriatrics; Kinesiophobia; Low back pain.

Abstract

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