Reliability of recovery heart rate variability measurements as part of the Lamberts Submaximal Cycle Test and the relationship with training status in trained to elite cyclists

Robert P Lamberts; Teun van Erp; Alejandro Javaloyes; Maaike M Eken; Nelleke G Langerak; Nicholas Tam

doi:10.1007/s00421-023-05385-z

Reliability of recovery heart rate variability measurements as part of the Lamberts Submaximal Cycle Test and the relationship with training status in trained to elite cyclists

Eur J Appl Physiol. 2024 Jan 10. doi: 10.1007/s00421-023-05385-z. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Robert P Lamberts¹, Teun van Erp², Alejandro Javaloyes³, Maaike M Eken⁴, Nelleke G Langerak^{5

6}, Nicholas Tam⁷

Affiliations

¹ Division of Movement Science and Exercise Therapy (MSET), Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Suidwal Road, Stellenbosch, 7601, South Africa. rplam@hotmail.com.
² Division of Movement Science and Exercise Therapy (MSET), Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Suidwal Road, Stellenbosch, 7601, South Africa.
³ Department of Sport Science, Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain.
⁴ Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine (ISEM), Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa.
⁵ Department of Research, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
⁶ Neuroscience Institute and Division of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
⁷ On AG, Sport Science Laboratory, Zurich, Switzerland.

PMID: 38198009
DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05385-z

Abstract

Purpose: To determine if post-exercise heart rate variability, in the form of logged transformed root mean square of successive differences of the R-R intervals (LnRMSSD) can be measured reliably during the recovery from a submaximal cycle test and what the relationship of LnRMSSD is with training status of the cyclists.

Methods: Fourteen male cyclists participated in the reliability part for the study, which included performing six Lamberts Submaximal Cycle Test (LSCT), during which recovery LnRMSSD was measured over 30 s (LnRMSSD_{30 s}), 60 s LnRMSSD_{60 s})and 90 s LnRMSSD_{90 s}). In addition, fifty male and twenty female cyclists completed a peak power output (PPO) test (including VO_2peak) and 40 km time trial (40 km TT) before which they performed the LSCT as a standardized warm-up. Relationships between the LnRMSSD and PPO, VO_2peak and 40 km TT time were studied.

Results: Due to the design of the LSCT, submaximal heart and breathing rate were similar at the end of stage 3 of the LSCT, as well as during the recovery periods. The highest reliability was found in LnRMSSD_{60 s} (ICC: 0.97) with a typical error of the measurement (TEM: 5.8%). In line with this the strongest correlations were found between LnRMSSD_{60 s} and PPO (r = 0.93[male]; 0.85[female]), VO_2peak (r = 0.71[male]; 0.63[female];) and 40 km TT (r = - 0.83[male]; - 0.63[female]).

Conclusions: LnRMSSD_{60 s} can be measured reliably after the LSCT and can predict PPO, VO_2peak and 40 km TT performance well in trained-to-elite cyclists. These findings suggest that recovery LnRMSSD can potentially play an important role in monitoring and fine-tuning training prescriptions in trained-to-elite cyclists.

Keywords: Endurance cycling performance; HRR; HRV; LSCT; Peak power; Training status.