French validation of the barriers to access to care evaluation (BACE-3) scale

Feten Fekih-Romdhane; Youssef Boukadida; Bouthaina Abassi; Leila Sarra Chaibi; Philippe Conus; Marie-Odile Krebs; Graham Thornicroft; Majda Cheour; Haitham A Jahrami

doi:10.1016/j.encep.2023.11.020

French validation of the barriers to access to care evaluation (BACE-3) scale

Encephale. 2024 Feb 3:S0013-7006(24)00010-1. doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2023.11.020. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Feten Fekih-Romdhane¹, Youssef Boukadida², Bouthaina Abassi³, Leila Sarra Chaibi², Philippe Conus⁴, Marie-Odile Krebs⁵, Graham Thornicroft⁶, Majda Cheour³, Haitham A Jahrami⁷

Affiliations

¹ Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia; The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention is Psychiatry, Department of psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi Hospital, 1, rue des orangers, 2010 Manouba, Tunisia. Electronic address: feten.fekih@gmail.com.
² The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention is Psychiatry, Department of psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi Hospital, 1, rue des orangers, 2010 Manouba, Tunisia.
³ Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia; The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention is Psychiatry, Department of psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi Hospital, 1, rue des orangers, 2010 Manouba, Tunisia.
⁴ Service of General Psychiatry, Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program (TIPP-Lausanne), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
⁵ Laboratoire de physiopathologie des maladies psychiatriques, UMR_S1266 institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences de Paris, université Paris Descartes, Inserm, Paris, France; Institut de psychiatrie (CNRS GDR 3557), Paris, France; Service hospitalo universitaire, faculté de médecine Paris Descartes, centre hospitalier Sainte-Anne, université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
⁶ Centre for Global Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
⁷ Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain.

PMID: 38311478
DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2023.11.020

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a French version of the Barriers to Access to Care Evaluation (BACE-3) scale that is tailored to the socio-cultural and language setting of the study.

Methods: The translation of the BACE-3 into French and its validation were the two key components of this psychometric investigation. An online survey was created and circulated to French-speaking participants who volunteered to participate in the study.

Results: For all translated questions, the reliability analysis key results (Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's Omega) were both>0.95, which is an excellent reliability value. The BACE-3 items were shown to be positively related to one another, implying excellent validity. Results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed that all stigma-related items were loaded under the same factor.

Conclusions: The BACE-3 has been validated in French, and its psychometric qualities have been thoroughly evaluated and found to be excellent.

Keywords: BACE; Barriers; Barrières; Français; French; Maladies mentales; Mental illness; Stigma; Stigmatisation.

Grants and funding

MR/R023697/1/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom