Peer Recovery Specialists and Referrals to Treatment: Clinical Correlates Among Patients of an Opioid Overdose Recovery Program in New Jersey

David T Lardier; Kristen Gilmore-Powell; Cory M Morton; N Andrew Peterson; Suzanne Borys

doi:10.1177/29767342241235765

Peer Recovery Specialists and Referrals to Treatment: Clinical Correlates Among Patients of an Opioid Overdose Recovery Program in New Jersey

Subst Use Addctn J. 2024 Mar 12:29767342241235765. doi: 10.1177/29767342241235765. Online ahead of print.

Authors

David T Lardier¹, Kristen Gilmore-Powell², Cory M Morton², N Andrew Peterson², Suzanne Borys³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Community Behavioral Health, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
² Center for Prevention Science and the Northeast and Caribbean Prevention Technology Transfer Center, School of Social Work, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
³ Office of Planning, Research, Evaluation and Prevention, New Jersey Division of Mental Health and Addiction Services, Hamilton, NJ, USA.

PMID: 38469829
DOI: 10.1177/29767342241235765

Abstract

Background: Peer recovery programs increase recovery support and treatment engagement among individuals with opioid use disorder. Peer recovery specialists (PRS) are critical in the cascade of care of treating addiction and related conditions. Work remains to help identify the benefits of PRS, particularly time spent with a PRS as a clinical indicator associated with referral to substance use treatment services. Gaps in the literature do not consider the nested hierarchical intercorrelations of opioid recovery data within multiple emergency departments.

Purpose: The current study examined demographic and clinical correlates with referral to substance use treatment services including prior engagement within an opioid overdose recovery program, mental health diagnosis, the number of naloxone administrations, prior overdoses, and hospital-level variability of PRS time associated with treatment referrals.

Method: This study used data collected by providers among patients who engaged in an opioid overdose recovery program. Data were collected between January 2016 and September 2020. Generalized linear mixed effect multilevel regression analyses tested the associations on clinical referral to substance use services.

Results: A total of 5655 patients participated in the study (male: 68.91%; age: mean = 37.75 ± 12.43; White non-Hispanic: 62.48%). Significant individual-level associations were identified between demographic and clinical variables and referral to substance use treatment services. At the hospital level, recovery specialist time spent with the patient also showed a positive and significant association with referral to substance use treatment services.

Conclusion: The cross-level interaction effect displayed that any period of time spent with PRS played an important role for those patients with a greater number of prior overdoses on referral to treatment. Results provide important information on the role of PRS in the cascade of care, as well as the time spent with those in this role for both individuals with varying number of prior overdoses.

Keywords: hospital intervention; opioid recovery program; peer navigation.