Comparing coronary artery cross-sectional area among asymptomatic South Asian, White, and Black participants: the MASALA and CARDIA studies

Abstract

Background: South Asian individuals have high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Some investigators suggest smaller coronary artery size may be partially responsible.

Methods: We compared the left anterior descending (LAD) artery cross-sectional area (CSA) (lumen and arterial wall) among South Asians in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study with White and Black participants in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, adjusting for BMI, height, and other ASCVD risk factors. We used thin-slice non-contrast cardiac computed tomography to measure LAD CSA. We used linear regression models to determine whether race/ethnicity was associated with LAD CSA after adjusting for demographic factors, BMI, height, coronary artery calcium (CAC), and traditional cardiovascular risk factors.

Results: Our sample included 3,353 participants: 513 self-identified as South Asian (44.4% women), 1286 as Black (59.6% women), and 1554 as White (53.5% women). After adjusting for age, BMI, height, there was no difference in LAD CSA between South Asian men and women compared to White men and women, respectively. After full adjustment for CVD risk factors, LAD CSA values were: South Asian women (19.9 mm², 95% CI [18.8 - 20.9]) and men (22.3 mm², 95% CI [21.4 - 23.2]; White women (20.0 mm², 95% CI [19.4-20.5]) and men (23.6 mm², 95% CI [23.0-24.2]); and Black women (21.6 mm², 95% CI [21.0 - 22.2]) and men (26.0 mm², 95% CI [25.3 - 26.7]). Height, BMI, hypertension, CAC, and age were positively associated with LAD CSA; current and former cigarette use were inversely associated.

Conclusions: South Asian men and women have similar LAD CSA to White men and women, and smaller LAD CSA compared to Black men and women, respectively, after accounting for differences in body size. Future studies should determine whether LAD CSA is associated with future ASCVD events.

Keywords: Coronary artery calcium; Coronary artery cross sectional area; South asian.