Objective: To develop an experimental porcine model of tricuspid regurgitation using two induction routes: the inferior vena cava and superior vena cava.
Methods: Tricuspid regurgitation was generated using the loop wire cutting method. The tricuspid regurgitation jet direction was controlled by accessing the valve through the inferior (n = 7) or superior (n = 6) vena cava. The occurrence, direction, and progression of tricuspid regurgitation were assessed postoperatively, and echocardiography was performed at 4 to 6 weeks. Right heart dilatation was assessed using computed tomography after 6 weeks.
Results: Moderate to severe or torrential tricuspid regurgitation occurred immediately after the procedure in 12 of 13 animals. The jet was directed toward the septum in five of seven animals in the inferior vena cava group and toward the posterolateral side in four of six animals in the superior vena cava group. The dimensions of the right heart (right atrium, ventricle, and tricuspid valve annulus) were significantly enlarged at the 4- to 6-week follow-up echocardiographic examination and confirmed to be enlarged by computed tomography, independent of the route used.
Conclusion: The loop wire cutting method successfully induced a disease model of tricuspid regurgitation while controlling the regurgitation jet direction via two procedural routes.
Keywords: Animal disease model; functional tricuspid regurgitation; loop wire cutting method; regurgitation jet; survival model; tricuspid valve disease.