A Systematic Review of Oral Pre-exposure Prophylaxis HIV Adherence Interventions

Marlene Haines; Amanda Vandyk; Becky Skidmore; Lauren Orser; Patrick O'Byrne

doi:10.1097/JNC.0000000000000460

A Systematic Review of Oral Pre-exposure Prophylaxis HIV Adherence Interventions

J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2024 Apr 2. doi: 10.1097/JNC.0000000000000460. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Marlene Haines^{1

2

3

4

5}, Amanda Vandyk^{1

2

3

4

5}, Becky Skidmore^{1

2

3

4

5}, Lauren Orser^{1

2

3

4

5}, Patrick O'Byrne^{1

2

3

4

5}

Affiliations

¹ Marlene Haines, RN, PhD(c), is a Research Assistant, School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (marlene.haines@uottawa.ca).
² Amanda Vandyk, RN, PhD, is an Associate Professor, School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
³ Becky Skidmore, MLIS, is an Information Specialist, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.
⁴ Lauren Orser, RN, PhD(c), is a Research Assistant, School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
⁵ Patrick O'Byrne, RN-EC, PhD, is a Full Professor, School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.

PMID: 38564213
DOI: 10.1097/JNC.0000000000000460

Abstract

Clinical trials of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent HIV infection have established its efficacy as upwards of 99%. Despite this, the effectiveness of this medication has been shown to be diminished by individual factors, such as medication adherence. We completed a systematic review to identify and describe interventions to improve oral PrEP adherence. Overall, 16 articles were located. Two of the articles reported on results from the same trial and were collapsed for analysis, bringing the total to 15 studies. Twelve unique PrEP adherence interventions were tested, with the most common intervention being the use of mobile phone technology, which was used in 7 (46%) of the studies. Ten (67%) studies found that medication adherence improved when participants received an intervention to support adherence. Adherence intervention strategies effectively improved PrEP adherence. Further research into PrEP adherence interventions is warranted, particularly among diverse groups.