Effects of xylo-oligosaccharide on gut microbiota, brain protein expression, and lipid profile induced by high-fat diet

Chu-Yun Teng; Ning-Jo Kao; Ngan Thi Kim Nguyen; Ching-I Lin; Tzu-Wen L Cross; Shyh-Hsiang Lin

doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109640

Effects of xylo-oligosaccharide on gut microbiota, brain protein expression, and lipid profile induced by high-fat diet

J Nutr Biochem. 2024 Apr 5:129:109640. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109640. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Chu-Yun Teng¹, Ning-Jo Kao², Ngan Thi Kim Nguyen³, Ching-I Lin⁴, Tzu-Wen L Cross⁵, Shyh-Hsiang Lin⁶

Affiliations

¹ School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
² Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Kainan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
³ Program of Nutrition Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
⁴ Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang-Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
⁵ Departmen of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
⁶ School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Food Safety, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: lin5611@tmu.edu.tw.

PMID: 38583497
DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109640

Abstract

Midlife overweight and obesity are risk factors of cognitive decline and Alzheimer' s disease (AD) in late life. In addition to increasing risk of obesity and cognitive dysfunction, diets rich in fats also contributes to an imbalance of gut microbiota. Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) are a kind of prebiotic with several biological advantages, and can selectively promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the gut. To explore whether XOS can alleviate cognitive decline induced by high-fat diet (HFD) through improving gut microbiota composition, mice were fed with normal control or 60% HFD for 9 weeks to induce obesity. After that, mice were supplemented with XOS (30 g or 60 g/kg-diet) or without, respectively, for 12 weeks. The results showed that XOS inhibited weight gain, decreased epidydimal fat weight, and improved fasting blood sugar and blood lipids in mice. Additionally, XOS elevated spatial learning and memory function, decreased amyloid plaques accumulation, increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels, and improved neuroinflammation status in hippocampus. Changes in glycerolipids metabolism-associated lipid compounds caused by HFD in hippocampus were reversed after XOS intervention. On the other hand, after XOS intervention, increase in immune-mediated bacteria, Faecalibacterium was observed. In conclusion, XOS improved gut dysbiosis and ameliorated spatial learning and memory dysfunction caused by HFD by decreasing cognitive decline-associated biomarkers and changing lipid composition in hippocampus.

Keywords: Cognitive function; Gut microbiota; High-fat diet; Lipidomics; Xylo-oligosaccharides.