Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand how monocular luminance reduction affects binocular balance and examine whether it differentially influences fusion and mixed perception in amblyopia.
Methods: Twenty-three normally sighted observers and 12 adults with amblyopia participated in this study. A novel binocular rivalry task was used to measure the phase duration of four perceptual responses (right- and left-tilts, fusion, and mixed perception) before and after a neutral density (ND) filter was applied at various levels to the dominant eye (DE) of controls and the fellow eye (FE) of patients with amblyopia. Phase durations were analyzed to assess whether the duration of fusion or mixed perception shifted after monocular luminance reduction. Moreover, we quantified ocular dominance and adjusted monocular contrast and luminance separately to investigate the relationship between changes in ocular dominance induced by the two manipulations.
Results: In line with previous studies, binocular balance shifted in favor of the brighter eye in both normal adults and patients with amblyopia. As a function of the ND filter's density, the duration of fusion and mixed perception decreased in normal controls, whereas that of fusion but not mixed perception increased significantly in patients with amblyopia. In addition, changes in binocular balance from luminance reduction were more significant in more balanced amblyopes or normal observers. Furthermore, shifts in binocular balance after contrast and luminance modulation were correlated in both normal and amblyopic observers.
Conclusions: The duration of fusion but not mixed perception increased in amblyopia after monocular luminance reduction in the FE. Moreover, our findings demonstrate that changes in ocular dominance from contrast-modulation and luminance-modulation are correlated in both normal and amblyopic observers.