One hundred and sixty-seven patients in a single general practice who presented with ulcer-like dyspepsia were offered an upper gastrointestinal fibre endoscopy. Twenty-two patients had a peptic ulcer while only three had a gastric ulcer. One patient had a carcinoma of the cardia, one an adenocarcinoma in the body of the stomach and one a carcinoma at the ampulla of Vater. In another 55 patients the main findings at endoscopy were edema/reddening or erosions in the antral or duodenal mucosa. Endoscopic findings were normal in 46 patients. Malignancies were found only in patients over 50 years of age and only 4 ulcers were seen in patients under 40. The clinical findings of presence of night pain, pain relief after food intake and history of peptic ulcer were more common in patients with an existing peptic ulcer than in those with a normal endoscopy.