Health infographics are often used to improve knowledge or change behaviors. However, a systematic understanding of the current landscape and evidence of health infographics is lacking. The objective of this study was to explore trends in health-related infographics research and health infographic effectiveness. We conducted a scoping review of peer-reviewed publications describing health-related infographic development, using health and computer science databases. We extracted information from included articles to understand current trends in health-related infographics research and design elements that support infographic effectiveness. A total of 135 articles met our inclusion criteria. There was an increase in health infographics publications over time and definitions of infographics, when present, varied in scope and content. Out of 81 studies that evaluated the infographics' effectiveness in improving knowledge or changing attitudes or behaviors, 71 (87.7%) reported that infographics were effective. Infographics were often preferred over another medium (e.g. text). Overall, there is increasing interest in research regarding health-related infographics. While most effectiveness studies found that infographics helped improve knowledge or change behaviors, many studies lacked rigor in study design or reporting study methods. We did not find articles that focused on credibility or development of infographics tools - these are avenues for future research.