With the economic development, a large number of engineering accumulation bodies with Lou soil as the main soil type were produced in Guanzhong area, Northwest China. We examined the characteristics of runoff and sediment yield of Lou soil accumulation bodies with earth (gravel content 0%) and earth-rock (gravel content 30%) under different rainfall intensities (1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 mm·min-1) and different slope lengths (3, 5, 6.5, 12 m) by the simulating rainfall method. The results showed that runoff rate was relatively stable when rainfall intensity was 1.0-1.5 mm·min-1, while runoff rate fluctuated obviously when rainfall intensity was 2.0-2.5 mm·min-1. The average runoff rate varied significantly across different rainfall intensities on the same slopes, and the difference of average runoff rate of the two slopes was significantly increased with rainfall intensity. Under the same rainfall intensity, the difference in runoff rate between the slope lengths of the earth-rock slope was more obvious than that of the earth slope. When the slope length was 3-6.5 m, flow velocity increased rapidly at first and then increased slowly or tended to be stable. When the slope length was 12 m, flow velocity increased significantly. In general, with the increases of rainfall intensity, inhibition effect of gravel on the average flow velocity was enhanced. When rainfall intensity was 2.5 mm·min-1, the maximum reduction in the average flow velocity of earth-rock slope was 61.5% lower than that of earth slope. When rainfall intensity was less than 2.0 mm·min-1, sediment yield rate showed a trend of gradual decline or stable change, while that under the other rainfall intensities showed a trend of rapid decline and then fluctuated sharply. The greater the rainfall intensity, the more obvious the fluctuation. There was a significant positive correlation between the average sediment yield rate and runoff parameters, with the runoff rate showing the best fitting effect. Among the factors, slope length had the highest contribution to runoff velocity and rainfall erosion, which was 51.8% and 35.5%, respectively. This study can provide scientific basis for soil and water erosion control of engineering accumulation in Lou soil areas.
随着关中地区经济发展,产生大量以塿土为主要土壤类型的工程堆积体。采用模拟降雨的方法研究不同降雨强度(1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5 mm·min-1)和不同坡长(3、5、6.5、12 m)条件下土质(0%砾石)、土石质(30%砾石)塿土堆积体坡面径流和产沙特征。结果表明: 雨强在1.0～1.5 mm·min-1时,径流率相对稳定,而在2.0～2.5 mm·min-1时,径流率波动变化明显;平均径流率在相同坡面不同雨强时存在显著差异,随雨强增大2种坡面间平均径流率差异显著增大,在相同雨强下,土石质坡面径流率在各坡长间的差异较土质坡面更明显。在3～6.5 m 坡长时,坡面流速先迅速增大后缓慢增大或趋于稳定,12 m坡长时则显著提高;随雨强增大,砾石对平均流速的抑制作用增强,雨强2.5 mm·min-1时,土石质坡面平均流速较土质坡面的减幅最大可达61.5%。雨强<2.0 mm·min-1时,产沙率呈逐渐下降或稳定变化的趋势,其他雨强时则呈先迅速下降后“多峰多谷”波动变化的趋势,且雨强越大波动越明显。平均产沙率与径流参数之间呈极显著正相关,其中,与径流率的拟合效果最好。各因子中,坡长对径流流速和次降雨侵蚀量的贡献率均最高,分别为51.8%和35.5%。该研究结果可为塿土区工程堆积体水土流失治理提供科学依据。.
Keywords: contribution rate; gravel content; runoff; sediment yield; simulated rainfall; slope length.