A new vision of the efficacy of both CAR-NK and CAR-T cells in treating cancers and autoimmune diseases

Salim Hussein Hassan; Mohammad Y Alshahrani; Raed Obaid Saleh; Bahira Abdulrazzaq Mohammed; Abhinav Kumar; Sami G Almalki; Adnan Taan Alkhafaji; Pallavi Ghildiyal; Ahmed Read Al-Tameemi; Ahmed Elawady

doi:10.1007/s12032-024-02362-0

A new vision of the efficacy of both CAR-NK and CAR-T cells in treating cancers and autoimmune diseases

Med Oncol. 2024 Apr 24;41(6):127. doi: 10.1007/s12032-024-02362-0.

Affiliations

¹ Community Health Department, Technical Institute of Karbala, AL-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Najaf, Iraq. inkr.salm@atu.edu.iq.
² Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
³ Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar, Iraq.
⁴ Department of Technical Engineering, Al-Hadi University College, Baghdad, 10011, Iraq.
⁵ Department of Nuclear and Renewable Energy, Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia Boris Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia.
⁶ Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, 11952, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Cardiology Department, College of Medicine, Al-Ayen University, Dhi-Qar, Iraq.
⁸ Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India.
⁹ Department of Medical Engineering, AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq.
¹⁰ College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq.
¹¹ College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq.
¹² College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq.

PMID: 38656354
DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02362-0

Abstract

Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) based therapies are becoming increasingly important in treating patients. CAR-T cells have been shown to be highly effective in the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, harmful therapeutic barriers have been identified, such as the potential for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), neurotoxicity, and cytokine release syndrome (CRS). As a result, CAR NK-cell therapy is expected to be a new therapeutic option. NK cells act as cytotoxic lymphocytes, supporting the innate immune response against autoimmune diseases and cancer cells by precisely detecting and eliminating malignant cells. Genetic modification of these cells provides a dual approach to the treatment of AD and cancer. It can be used through both CAR-independent and CAR-dependent mechanisms. The use of CAR-based cell therapies has been successful in treating cancer patients, leading to further investigation of this innovative treatment for alternative diseases, including AD. The complementary roles of CAR T and CAR NK cells have stimulated exploration in this area. Our study examines the latest research on the therapeutic effectiveness of these cells in treating both cancer and ADs.

Keywords: CAR NK-cell; CAR T-cell; Cancer and autoimmune disease; Immunotherapy.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Animals
Autoimmune Diseases* / immunology
Autoimmune Diseases* / therapy
Humans
Immunotherapy, Adoptive* / methods
Killer Cells, Natural* / immunology
Killer Cells, Natural* / transplantation
Neoplasms* / immunology
Neoplasms* / therapy
Receptors, Chimeric Antigen* / immunology

Substances

Receptors, Chimeric Antigen

Grants and funding

R.G.P.2/314/44/Deanship of Scientific Research, King Khalid University