Probing entanglement in a 2D hard-core Bose-Hubbard lattice

Amir H Karamlou; Ilan T Rosen; Sarah E Muschinske; Cora N Barrett; Agustin Di Paolo; Leon Ding; Patrick M Harrington; Max Hays; Rabindra Das; David K Kim; Bethany M Niedzielski; Meghan Schuldt; Kyle Serniak; Mollie E Schwartz; Jonilyn L Yoder; Simon Gustavsson; Yariv Yanay; Jeffrey A Grover; William D Oliver

doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07325-z

Probing entanglement in a 2D hard-core Bose-Hubbard lattice

Nature. 2024 Apr 24. doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-07325-z. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Amir H Karamlou^{1

2

3}, Ilan T Rosen⁴, Sarah E Muschinske^{4

5}, Cora N Barrett^{4

6}, Agustin Di Paolo⁴, Leon Ding^{4

7}, Patrick M Harrington⁴, Max Hays⁴, Rabindra Das⁸, David K Kim⁸, Bethany M Niedzielski⁸, Meghan Schuldt⁸, Kyle Serniak^{4

8}, Mollie E Schwartz⁸, Jonilyn L Yoder⁸, Simon Gustavsson⁴, Yariv Yanay⁹, Jeffrey A Grover⁴, William D Oliver^{10

11

12

13}

Affiliations

¹ Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. karamlou@mit.edu.
² Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. karamlou@mit.edu.
³ Google Quantum AI, Santa Barbara, CA, USA. karamlou@mit.edu.
⁴ Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
⁵ Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
⁶ Department of Physics, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, USA.
⁷ Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
⁸ MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA, USA.
⁹ Laboratory for Physical Sciences, College Park, MD, USA.
¹⁰ Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. william.oliver@mit.edu.
¹¹ Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. william.oliver@mit.edu.
¹² Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. william.oliver@mit.edu.
¹³ MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA, USA. william.oliver@mit.edu.

PMID: 38658761
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07325-z

Abstract

Entanglement and its propagation are central to understanding many physical properties of quantum systems^1-3. Notably, within closed quantum many-body systems, entanglement is believed to yield emergent thermodynamic behaviour^4-7. However, a universal understanding remains challenging owing to the non-integrability and computational intractability of most large-scale quantum systems. Quantum hardware platforms provide a means to study the formation and scaling of entanglement in interacting many-body systems^8-14. Here we use a controllable 4 × 4 array of superconducting qubits to emulate a 2D hard-core Bose-Hubbard (HCBH) lattice. We generate superposition states by simultaneously driving all lattice sites and extract correlation lengths and entanglement entropy across its many-body energy spectrum. We observe volume-law entanglement scaling for states at the centre of the spectrum and a crossover to the onset of area-law scaling near its edges.