The Asymmetry Observed between the Effects of Photon-Phonon Coupling and Crystal Field on the Fine Structure of Fluorescence and Spontaneous Four-Wave Mixing in Ion-Doped Microcrystals

Huanrong Fan; Zhongtai Zhang; Iqbal Hussain; Qinyue Yang; Muhammad Kashif Majeed; Muhammad Imran; Faizan Raza; Peng Li; Yanpeng Zhang

doi:10.3390/nano14080671

The Asymmetry Observed between the Effects of Photon-Phonon Coupling and Crystal Field on the Fine Structure of Fluorescence and Spontaneous Four-Wave Mixing in Ion-Doped Microcrystals

Nanomaterials (Basel). 2024 Apr 12;14(8):671. doi: 10.3390/nano14080671.

Authors

Huanrong Fan^{1

2}, Zhongtai Zhang³, Iqbal Hussain¹, Qinyue Yang¹, Muhammad Kashif Majeed¹, Muhammad Imran¹, Faizan Raza^{1

4}, Peng Li⁵, Yanpeng Zhang¹

Affiliations

¹ Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
² College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China.
³ School of Resource & Environment and Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
⁴ State Key Lab of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
⁵ Center for Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.

Abstract

In this paper, we explore the asymmetry observed between the effects of photon-phonon coupling (nested-dressing) and a crystal field (CF) on the fine structure of fluorescence (FL) and spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in Eu³⁺: BiPO₄ and Eu³⁺: NaYF₄. The competition between the CF and the strong photon-phonon dressing leads to dynamic splitting in two directions. The CF leads to static splitting in one direction under weak phonon dressing. The evolution from strong dressing to weak dressing results in spectral asymmetry. This spectral asymmetry includes out-of-phase FL and in-phase SFWM. Further, the large ratio between the dressing Rabi frequency and the de-phase rate leads to strong FL and SFWM asymmetry due to photon-phonon constructive dressing. Moreover, the experimental results suggest the analogy of a spectra asymmetry router with a channel equalization ratio of 96.6%.

Keywords: asymmetry; crystal field splitting; photon–phonon dressing.

Abstract

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