Rice crop residue management by the microbial consortium for rapid decomposition of straw

Kunvar Gyanendra Kumar; Raja Husain; Anurag Mishra; Nitin Vikram; Devendra Kumar Dwivedi; Saurabh Pandey; Ashutosh Singh

doi:10.1007/s13205-024-03982-z

Rice crop residue management by the microbial consortium for rapid decomposition of straw

3 Biotech. 2024 May;14(5):137. doi: 10.1007/s13205-024-03982-z. Epub 2024 Apr 25.

Authors

Kunvar Gyanendra Kumar^#¹, Raja Husain², Anurag Mishra^#^{1

3}, Nitin Vikram⁴, Devendra Kumar Dwivedi¹, Saurabh Pandey⁵, Ashutosh Singh⁶

Affiliations

¹ Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh 224229 India.
² Department of Agriculture, Himalayan University Itanagar, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh India.
³ Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar 848125 India.
⁴ Department of Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry, Uttar Pradesh, Zila Parishad Krishi Mahavidyalaya, Banda, 210001 India.
⁵ Department of Agriculture, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India.
⁶ Centre for Advance Studies On Climate Change, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar 848125 India.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 38682095
PMCID: PMC11045711 (available on 2025-05-01)
DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03982-z

Abstract

Globally, more than 5 billion tons of crop residue (mainly rice straw) are produced yearly, and their management results in pollution, which kills microbes and limits soil nutrient recycling. Therefore, on-farm management that boosts degradation speed will improve the practicability of crop residue retention practices. The present study evaluated the 21 microbial isolates (Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Fusarium, and Rhizopus) from the soil of different agroclimatic zones obtained from rice fields for in situ straw degradation. The microbial diversity of these isolates was analyzed using 16 s rRNA and 18 s rRNA primers from various soil samples. The rice straw was used for degradation from isolated pathogens individually and in combination, and the results were analyzed using FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy). The result suggested that the straw's degradation was the maximum with Trichoderma and Aspergillus, followed by the mixture of the isolates (Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Fusarium, and Rhizopus). Furthermore, SEM (scanning electron microscope) observed the degradation rate on different days of inoculation (7, 14, 28, 56, 70, and 100 DAI). The results showed that 90 DAI caused the highest degradation of rice straw. Therefore, Trichoderma containing microbial consortia could be used for vermicompost production from rice straw in field conditions, and it could increase crop productivity. Overall, our study added knowledge in rice straw management through a microbial consortium for better utilization in predominantly rice-growing countries.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-03982-z.

Keywords: FTIR; Hemicellulose; In-situ biodegradation; Lignin; Microbial consortium; Rice straw management; SEM.

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