Objectives: To examine knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors about alternative tobacco products among American Indian tribal college students.
Participants: One hundred and five tribal college students.
Methods: Focus groups, one interview, and demographic surveys.
Results: Tobacco use varied across the sample with 35.2% of the participants being users of ENDS products and 29.5% were cigarette smokers. Overall, participants viewed electronic nicotine delivery systems and chewing tobacco as primary examples of alternative tobacco products and described a generational divide between alternative and conventional tobacco product use. Alternative tobacco products were not considered suitable for use in traditional contexts.
Conclusions: Previously successful cessation programs in this population have relied on cultural tailoring related to traditional tobacco use in American Indian communities. Our findings suggest that this strategy may be less effective for addressing alternative tobacco use. Reliance on the importance of family relationships may prove more impactful in future programming.
Keywords: Chewing tobacco; ENDS; electronic nicotine delivery systems; tribal college.