Non-targeted analysis and toxicity prediction for evaluation of photocatalytic membrane distillation removing organic contaminants from hypersaline oil and gas field-produced water

Himali M K Delanka-Pedige; Robert B Young; Maha T Abutokaikah; Lin Chen; Huiyao Wang; Kanchana A B I Imihamillage; Sean Thimons; Michael A Jahne; Antony J Williams; Yanyan Zhang; Pei Xu

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134436

Non-targeted analysis and toxicity prediction for evaluation of photocatalytic membrane distillation removing organic contaminants from hypersaline oil and gas field-produced water

J Hazard Mater. 2024 Jun 5:471:134436. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134436. Epub 2024 Apr 26.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Civil Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, United States.
² Chemical Analysis and Instrumentation Laboratory, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, United States.
³ Department of Engineering Technology and Surveying Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, United States.
⁴ Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States.
⁵ Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States.
⁶ Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States.
⁷ Department of Civil Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, United States. Electronic address: pxu@nmsu.edu.

PMID: 38688221
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134436

Abstract

Membrane distillation (MD) has received ample recognition for treating complex wastewater, including hypersaline oil and gas (O&G) produced water (PW). Rigorous water quality assessment is critical in evaluating PW treatment because PW consists of numerous contaminants beyond the targets listed in general discharge and reuse standards. This study evaluated a novel photocatalytic membrane distillation (PMD) process, with and without a UV light source, against a standard vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) process for treating PW, utilizing targeted analyses and a non-targeted chemical identification workflow coupled with toxicity predictions. PMD with UV light resulted in better removals of dissolved organic carbon, ammoniacal nitrogen, and conductivity. Targeted organic analyses identified only trace amounts of acetone and 2-butanone in distillates. According to non-targeted analysis, the number of suspects reduced from 65 in feed to 25-30 across all distillate samples. Certain physicochemical properties of compounds influenced contaminant rejection in different MD configurations. According to preliminary toxicity predictions, VMD, PMD with and without UV distillate samples, respectively contained 21, 22, and 23 suspects associated with critical toxicity concerns. Overall, non-targeted analysis together with toxicity prediction provides a competent supportive tool to assess treatment efficiency and potential impacts on public health and the environment during PW reuse.

Keywords: Cheminformatics; Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; Physicochemical properties; Produced water treatment; Vacuum membrane distillation.