Treatment of infections caused by multi-drug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli: A practical approach by the Italian (SIMIT) and French (SPILF) Societies of Infectious Diseases

Marianna Meschiari; Antoine Asquier-Khati; Giusy Tiseo; David Luque-Paz; Rita Murri; David Boutoille; Marco Falcone; Cristina Mussini; Pierre Tattevin; Italian Society of Infectious and Tropical Diseases (SIMIT), and the French Society of Infectious Diseases (SPILF)

doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107186

Treatment of infections caused by multi-drug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli: A practical approach by the Italian (SIMIT) and French (SPILF) Societies of Infectious Diseases

Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2024 Apr 28;64(1):107186. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107186. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Marianna Meschiari¹, Antoine Asquier-Khati², Giusy Tiseo³, David Luque-Paz⁴, Rita Murri⁵, David Boutoille², Marco Falcone³, Cristina Mussini¹, Pierre Tattevin⁶; Italian Society of Infectious and Tropical Diseases (SIMIT), and the French Society of Infectious Diseases (SPILF)

Affiliations

¹ Infectious Diseases Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria of Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
² Infectious Diseases Department, Nantes University Hospital, INSERM CIC 1413, Nantes, France.
³ Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
⁴ Infectious Diseases and Intensive Care Units, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France.
⁵ Infectious Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS Rome, Italy.
⁶ Infectious Diseases and Intensive Care Units, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France. Electronic address: pierre.tattevin@chu-rennes.fr.

PMID: 38688353
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107186

Abstract

Introduction: The emergence of multi-drug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli and the development of new antibiotics have complicated the selection of optimal regimens. International guidelines are valuable tools, but are limited by the scarcity of high-quality randomized trials in many situations.

Methods: A panel of experts from the French and Italian Societies of Infectious Diseases aimed to address unresolved issues in clinical practice based on their experience, an updated literature review and open discussions.

Results: The panel reached consensus for the following 'first choices': (i) cefepime for ventilator-acquired pneumonia due to AmpC β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales; (ii) the β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination most active in vitro, or cefiderocol combined with fosfomycin, and aerosolized colistin or aminoglycosides, for severe pneumonia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to ceftolozane-tazobactam; (iii) high-dose piperacillin-tazobactam (including loading dose and continuous infusion) for complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs) caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales with piperacillin-tazobactam minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≤8 mg/L; (iv) high-dose cefepime for cUTIs due to AmpC β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales other than Enterobacter spp. if cefepime MIC ≤2 mg/L; (v) ceftolozane-tazobactam or ceftazidime-avibactam plus metronidazole for intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) due to third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales; (vi) ceftazidime-avibactam plus aztreonam plus metronidazole for IAIs due to metallo-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales; (vii) ampicillin-sulbactam plus colistin for bloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii; (viii) meropenem-vaborbactam for BSIs caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales; and (ix) ceftazidime-avibactam plus fosfomycin for neurological infections caused by carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa.

Conclusions: These expert choices were based on the necessary balance between antimicrobial stewardship principles and the need to provide optimal treatment for individual patients in each situation.

Keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii; Antimicrobial stewardship; Carbapenemase; Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales; Cefepime; Cefiderocol; Extended-spectrum β-lactamase; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors.