Role of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in age-related bone homeostasis imbalance

FASEB J. 2024 May 15;38(9):e23642. doi: 10.1096/fj.202302665R.

Abstract

Alterations to the human organism that are brought about by aging are comprehensive and detrimental. Of these, an imbalance in bone homeostasis is a major outward manifestation of aging. In older adults, the decreased osteogenic activity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and the inhibition of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell differentiation lead to decreased bone mass, increased risk of fracture, and impaired bone injury healing. In the past decades, numerous studies have reported the epigenetic alterations that occur during aging, such as decreased core histones, altered DNA methylation patterns, and abnormalities in noncoding RNAs, which ultimately lead to genomic abnormalities and affect the expression of downstream signaling osteoporosis treatment and promoter of fracture healing in older adults. The current review summarizes the impact of epigenetic regulation mechanisms on age-related bone homeostasis imbalance.

Keywords: DNA methylation; age‐related bone loss; bone homeostasis; bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell; histone modification; noncoding RNA.

Publication types

  • Review
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Aging* / genetics
  • Aging* / physiology
  • Animals
  • Bone and Bones* / metabolism
  • DNA Methylation
  • Epigenesis, Genetic*
  • Histones / metabolism
  • Homeostasis*
  • Humans
  • Mesenchymal Stem Cells / metabolism
  • Osteogenesis / genetics
  • Osteogenesis / physiology
  • Osteoporosis / genetics
  • Osteoporosis / metabolism

Substances

  • Histones