Vitamin K content of Australian-grown horticultural commodities

Eleanor Dunlop; Judy Cunningham; Paul Adorno; Georgios Dabos; Stuart K Johnson; Lucinda J Black

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139382

Vitamin K content of Australian-grown horticultural commodities

Food Chem. 2024 Apr 22:452:139382. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139382. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Eleanor Dunlop¹, Judy Cunningham², Paul Adorno³, Georgios Dabos⁴, Stuart K Johnson⁵, Lucinda J Black⁶

Affiliations

¹ Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia.. Electronic address: e.dunlop@deakin.edu.au.
² Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia.
³ National Measurement Institute, 1/153 Bertie Street, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia.. Electronic address: Paul.Adorno@measurement.gov.au.
⁴ National Measurement Institute, 1/153 Bertie Street, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia.. Electronic address: Georgios.Dabos@measurement.gov.au.
⁵ Ingredients by Design, Lesmurdie, WA 6076, Australia.. Electronic address: stuart@ingredientsbydesign.com.au.
⁶ Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia.. Electronic address: lucinda.black@deakin.edu.au.

PMID: 38705117
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139382

Abstract

Vitamin K is a multi-function vitamin that has emerging roles in bone, brain and vascular health. Vitamin K composition data remain limited globally and Australia has lacked nationally representative data for vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) in horticultural commodities. Primary samples (n = 927) of 90 Australian-grown fruit, vegetable and nut commodities were purchased in three Australian cities. We measured vitamin K1/phylloquinone in duplicate in 95 composite samples using liquid chromatography with electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry. The greatest mean concentrations of vitamin K1/phylloquinone were found in kale (565 μg/100 g), baby spinach (255 μg/100 g) and Brussels sprouts (195 μg/100 g). The data contribute to the global collection of vitamin K food composition data. They add to the evidence that vitamin K1/phylloquinone concentrations vary markedly between geographic regions, supporting development of region-specific datasets for national food composition databases that do not yet contain data for vitamin K. Such data are needed globally.

Keywords: Australia; Fruit; Nut; Phylloquinone; Phylloquinone/vitamin K1 (PubChem CID 5284607); Vegetable; Vitamin K.