Prevalence of Hyperuricemia in Indian Population with Hypertension

Abstract

Background and objective: The prevalence rate of hyperuricemia (HU) is comparatively higher in Asian countries than in the Western regions. Patients with coexisting HU and hypertension (HTN) are at greater risk of uncontrolled HTN, metabolic syndrome, and complications. This study aims to determine the prevalence of HU in individuals with HTN from the major geographical regions across India. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional, multicentric, observational study conducted in primary and secondary care centers from urban areas across different regions in India. Primary inclusion criteria were either a history of HTN or blood pressure systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mm Hg. A structured Google form was circulated among the participating healthcare practitioners from various participating centers to record the demographic, clinical, and biochemical parameters of patients visiting the respective centers. The data was consolidated and analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Screening for HU among individuals with HTN was based on two criteria-(1) self-reported diagnosed history of HU or (2) based on serum uric acid (SUA) levels >7 and > 6 mg/dL for men and women, respectively. The data were analyzed and represented using GraphPad Prism version 9. Results: Among the study population from 12 participating centers across different regions in India, 1,528 individuals had HTN. The mean age of the study participants was 57.4 ± 10.5 years with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1. The total prevalence rate of HU among individuals with HTN is 22.5% (N = 345). Gender-wise analysis indicated that 51.5% (177) of the males and 48.5% (168) of the females had HU. Among the patients with HTN and HU, 75% were overweight with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥25 kg/m². The region-wise prevalence rate HU are North-17.4% (60), South-18% (62), Central-12.2% (42), East-29.6% (102), and West-22.9% (79). Conclusion: India's overall HU prevalence rate (22.5%) was comparable to that in other Asian countries (10-30%). However, the prevalence of HU among HTN patients varies between different regions of India (12.2-29.6%). Results from the participating centers located in an urban setting indicated that the eastern region had the highest HU prevalence (29.6%) and the Central region had the lowest HU prevalence rate (12.2%). The varying prevalence rate can be attributed to the diversity in geographical factors, genetic background or (family history of HU), sociocultural habits, and metabolic perturbations. Understanding this prevalence rate diversity can help strengthen the HU prevention measures to improve quality of life. How to cite this article: Patni B, Singh AN, Singh NK, et al. Prevalence of Hyperuricemia in Indian Population with Hypertension. J Assoc Physicians India 2023;71(10):45-48.