The compelling role of allopurinol in hyperuricemia-induced epilepsy: Unrecognized like tears in rain

Ali Abdullah AlAseeri; Hayder M Al-Kuraishy; Ali I Al-Gareeb; Naif H Ali; Athanasios Alexiou; Marios Papadakis; Mostafa M Bahaa; Mubarak Alruwaili; Gaber El-Saber Batiha

doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110973

The compelling role of allopurinol in hyperuricemia-induced epilepsy: Unrecognized like tears in rain

Brain Res Bull. 2024 May 7:213:110973. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110973. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Ali Abdullah AlAseeri¹, Hayder M Al-Kuraishy², Ali I Al-Gareeb², Naif H Ali³, Athanasios Alexiou⁴, Marios Papadakis⁵, Mostafa M Bahaa⁶, Mubarak Alruwaili⁷, Gaber El-Saber Batiha⁸

Affiliations

¹ Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
² Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.
³ Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Chandigarh-Ludhiana Highway, Mohali, Punjab, India; Department of Research & Development, Funogen, Athens 11741, Greece; Department of Research & Development, AFNP Med, Wien 1030, Austria; Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia.
⁵ Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, University of Witten-Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, Wuppertal 42283, Germany. Electronic address: drmariospapadakis@gmail.com.
⁶ Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt.
⁷ Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
⁸ Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, AlBeheira 22511, Egypt.

PMID: 38723694
DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110973

Abstract

Epilepsy is a common neurological disease characterized by the recurrent, paroxysmal, and unprovoked seizures. It has been shown that hyperuricemia enhances and associated with the development and progression of epilepsy through induction of inflammation and oxidative stress. In addition, uric acid is released within the brain and contributes in the development of neuronal hyperexcitability and epileptic seizure. Brain uric acid acts as damage associated molecular pattern (DAMP) activates the immune response and induce the development of neuroinflammation. Therefore, inhibition of xanthine oxidase by allopurinol may reduce hyperuricemia-induced epileptic seizure and associated oxidative stress and inflammation. However, the underlying mechanism of allopurinol in the epilepsy was not fully elucidated. Therefore, this review aims to revise from published articles the link between hyperuricemia and epilepsy, and how allopurinol inhibits the development of epileptic seizure.

Keywords: Allopurinol; Epilepsy; Inflammation; Oxidative stress.

Publication types

Review