Increased incidence and mortality from Listeria monocytogenes infection in Spain

Elena Vázquez; Oscar de Gregorio-Vicente; Vicente Soriano; Carmen Álvarez-Domínguez; Octavio Corral; Víctor Moreno-Torres

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107089

Increased incidence and mortality from Listeria monocytogenes infection in Spain

Int J Infect Dis. 2024 May 9:145:107089. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107089. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Elena Vázquez¹, Oscar de Gregorio-Vicente¹, Vicente Soriano¹, Carmen Álvarez-Domínguez¹, Octavio Corral¹, Víctor Moreno-Torres²

Affiliations

¹ UNIR Health Sciences School and Medical Center, Madrid, Spain.
² UNIR Health Sciences School and Medical Center, Madrid, Spain; Internal Medicine Department, Health Research Institute Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHIM), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: victor.moreno.torres.1988@gmail.com.

PMID: 38734058
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107089

Abstract

Objectives: Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is a health threat worldwide given its high mortality and the growing of high-risk susceptible populations.

Methods: All hospitalizations with a diagnosis of LM in the National Registry of Hospital Discharges were examined in Spain from 2000 to 2021.

Results: A total of 8152 hospital admissions with LM were identified. The mean age was 59.5 years and 48% were immunosuppressed (IS). The rate of LM hospitalizations increased from 5 per 1 million population in 2000 to 8.9 in 2021 (p < 0.001). A foodborne outbreak in Andalusia determined a sharp increase in admissions with LM during 2019. The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns were associated with a decrease in LM admissions. The overall in-hospital mortality was 16.7%. The number of deaths in patients hospitalized with LM rose from 7.8 per 100,000 deceased in 2000 to 18 in 2021 (p < 0.001). After adjustment, age >65 years (odds ratio [OR] = 2.16), sepsis (OR = 2.60), meningoencephalitis (OR = 1.72), endocarditis (OR = 2.0), neonatal listeriosis (OR = 2.10) and IS (OR = 2.09) were associated with mortality.

Conclusions: The number of patients hospitalized with LM in Spain has increased significantly from 2000 to 2021. The increase in the rate of admissions and deaths was largely driven by the growing proportion of elderly and IS patients.

Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic; Elderly; Foodborne outbreak; Immunosuppressed patients; Listeriosis; Mortality; Neonatal listeriosis; Pregnant women.