There is now an increasing interest in measuring quality of life (QOL) in cancer patients. Information on psychosocial issues and the patients' QOL give a more comprehensive evaluation of the treatment outcome than survival and relapse free intervals alone. Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) has become a standard, curative treatment in haematological diseases such as leukaemia and lymphomas. However, serious physical and psychological side effects are experienced by some patients. A review of the literature on QOL in adult BMT patients shows that the development in post-BMT research on psychosocial factors is slowly progressing. Most studies are retrospective with small sample sizes, and only five of 48 studies fulfilled our preset quality criteria. Identification of factors that are predictive for poor post-BMT outcome might provide a basis for targeted support programmes. This underlines the necessity of undertaking prospective studies using reliable and well-validated methods for measuring QOL in this patient group.