Nodules had been found in the mucous membrane of trachea and bronchiae of an 8 month old male miniature poodle suffering from dyspnoea. Besides worm fragments one female and one male nematode as well as a number of nematode eggs and larvae were discovered by parasitological examination of tracheal rinse liquid. They could be identified as Oslerus osleri. A literature survey is given on peculiarities in the life cycle, on the epidemiology, the clinical signs, the diagnostic and the treatment of this helminthosis rarely diagnosed in Europe.