Xiang-sha Warming (XSW) and Shashen Nourishing Decoction (SSN) were used in treating Yang Deficiency Syndrome (YaDS) and Yin Deficiency Syndrome (YiDS) of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) respectively. 121 cases with Spleen YaDS, and 29 cases with Spleen YiDS were selected. 26 and 30 specimens were taken from gastric mucosa for observation under the SEM and TEM, including 12 and 12 YaDS cases, 14 and 12 Spleen Qi Deficiency cases respectively, 2 cases of YiDS were also observed with TEM. The specimens were taken from the same site of the gastric mucosa directly under the gastroscope pre- and post-treatment. 43 patients (35.6%) with spleen YaDS and 5 cases (17.2%) in Spleen YiDS showed marked effect after 3-month treatment. It showed that the effect in Spleen YaDS was better than YiDS. The XSW was superior than that of SSN. The effects were related to the syndromes and the degrees of pathologic change. This showed that the recipe could somewhat reverse and restore the abnormal glands of gastric mucosa.