Most avalanche victims die from asphyxia (68%) followed by trauma (13%). Hypothermia is a less common cause of death. Asphyxia may be caused by obstructed airways owing to aspiration of snow, an immobile thorax due to compression by the surrounding snow or lack of diffusion of oxygen through the mass of snow. Clearing airways and quick mobilization of the thorax are of utmost importance in the initial treatment. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation may be required. Unconscious victims without vital signs should be treated in the same way as victims with severe hypothermia.