Sickle cell anemia and trait are highly prevalent within the African-American and other minority populations in the United States. As treatment modalities improve, these individuals will live longer, increasing the incidence of sickle-related eye disease. As blinding or life-threatening damage may occur to the retina, optic nerve and central nervous system, any nurse involved in the management of sickle cell must be aware of this critical public health issue. Appropriate screening and patient management are vital to the continued quality of life of these patients.