Two cases of inflammatory pseudotumor are described. The first patient, a 35-year-old white man, developed a progressive sensorimotor deficit in the right leg associated with a fusiform sciatic nerve mass in the posterior thigh. The lesion, compressive in nature and situated entirely within the epineurium, was totally resected. Histology revealed lymphocytic and plasmacellular inflammation as well as extensive fibrosis and collagen deposition. The patchy infiltrate consisted equally of CD2, CD3, CD5, and CD7 positive T-lymphocytes as well as CD20-and CD22-positive B-lymphocytes expressing both kappa and lambda immunoglobulin light chains. A selective biopsy of the encompassed and compressed nerve fascicles demonstrated both myelin loss and axonal injury. The second case was that of an 18-year-old woman with focal enlargement of a radial nerve by an epineurial infiltrate of multinucleate histiocytes and T as well as occasional B lymphocytes. No etiology was apparent in either case. The differential diagnosis includes non-neoplastic processes (amyloidoma and tuberculoid leprosy) as well as tumors (benign and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, lymphoma). Although rare, inflammatory pseudotumors must be included in the differential diagnosis of tumor-like lesions of peripheral nerve.