Minimal chronic inactive gastritis is regularly observed in routine histopathology. Presently, it is not clear whether this type of gastritis should be regarded as a histopathological entity or a normal variant. The similarity to lesions observed after H.pylori eradication prompted us to look for an association between minimal chronic inactive gastritis and status post H.pylori eradication. In a prospective study of 110 consecutive patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, at least two mucosal biopsies were taken from the gastric antrum and body. Gastritis was classified according to the Sydney System. Antibodies to H.pylori were determined serologically by immunofluorescence test, ELISA, and complement binding reaction. A status post eradication of H.pylori was revealed by medical history and/or positive serology; H.pylori gastritis was found in 39.1%, reactive gastritis in 12.7%, and minimal chronic inactive gastritis in 29.1%. In 19.1% a combination of reactive/ minimal chronic gastritis was diagnosed according to morphology. Status post eradication was observed significantly more often in cases with minimal chronic inactive gastritis (43.8%) than in cases with reactive gastritis (7.1%, p < 0.004). Furthermore, positive ELISA and/or status after eradication was found in 50% of the cases with minimal chronic inactive gastritis (p < 0.005 vs reactive gastritis), in 42.9% of the cases with mixed reactive/chronic inactive gastritis (p < 0.03 vs reactive gastritis), and in 7.1% of the cases with reactive gastritis. Lymphoid aggregates, considered another sign of former H.pylori presence, were found significantly more often in minimal chronic inactive gastritis than in reactive gastritis (50% versus 7.1%, p < 0.005). Minimal chronic inactive gastritis is significantly associated with both positive H.pylori serology and status post eradication and is, therefore, an indicator of pre-existing H.pylori gastritis.